VINs

use vin.qweruse vin_check_digit, vin_valid from vin      // Quillo 0.6: only these

// A used-car listing form that reads the VIN: check digit, maker, country and model year.////   quillo run vin.qwe      then open http://localhost:8080/vin/1HGCM82633A004352use "vin.qwer"route GET /vin/:vin = vin_decode(vin)?route GET /check = ["1HGCM82633A004352", "1HGCM82633A004353", "5YJ3E1EA2KF317000", "WBA3A5C57CF256651"] | map((v) => { vin: v, valid: vin_valid(v), should_be: vin_check_digit(v)? })

//! Vehicle identification numbers (VINs) checked and decoded, for garages, insurers and car marketplaces: the check digit, the maker's region, country and name, the model year, plant and serial.//! version: 1.0.0//!//! [dependencies]use serde_json::{json, Value};const WEIGHTS: [u32; 17] = [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 10, 0, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2];fn value(c: char) -> Option<u32> {    match c {        '0'..='9' => c.to_digit(10),        'A' | 'J' => Some(1), 'B' | 'K' | 'S' => Some(2), 'C' | 'L' | 'T' => Some(3), 'D' | 'M' | 'U' => Some(4),        'E' | 'N' | 'V' => Some(5), 'F' | 'W' => Some(6), 'G' | 'P' | 'X' => Some(7), 'H' | 'Y' => Some(8), 'R' | 'Z' => Some(9),        _ => None, // I, O and Q are never used.    }}fn clean(vin: &str) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> {    let v: Vec<char> = vin.trim().to_uppercase().chars().filter(|c| *c != ' ' && *c != '-').collect();    if v.len() != 17 {        return Err(format!("a VIN has 17 characters, this has {}", v.len()));    }    if let Some(bad) = v.iter().find(|c| value(**c).is_none()) {        return Err(format!("{:?} cannot be in a VIN (letters I, O and Q never are)", bad));    }    Ok(v)}fn expected(v: &[char]) -> char {    let s: u32 = v.iter().zip(WEIGHTS).map(|(c, w)| value(*c).unwrap_or(0) * w).sum();    match s % 11 { 10 => 'X', r => char::from_digit(r, 10).unwrap_or('0') }}/// The check digit a VIN should have in its 9th place ("0" to "9" or "X").pub fn vin_check_digit(vin: &str) -> Result<String, String> {    Ok(expected(&clean(vin)?).to_string())}/// Whether `vin` is well formed (17 characters, no I, O or Q) and its 9th character is the right check digit. North American and Chinese VINs always carry one; many European ones do not, so check `vin_decode`'s `check_digit_ok` with care for those.pub fn vin_valid(vin: &str) -> bool {    clean(vin).map_or(false, |v| v[8] == expected(&v))}fn region(c: char) -> &'static str {    match c {        'A'..='H' => "Africa",        'J'..='R' => "Asia",        'S'..='Z' => "Europe",        '1'..='5' => "North America",        '6' | '7' => "Oceania",        _ => "South America",    }}fn country(a: char, b: char) -> Option<&'static str> {    let in_ = |lo: char, hi: char| b >= lo && b <= hi;    Some(match a {        'A' if in_('A', 'H') => "South Africa",        'J' => "Japan",        'K' if in_('L', 'R') => "South Korea",        'K' if in_('5', '9') => "South Korea",        'L' => "China",        'M' if in_('A', 'E') => "India",        'M' if in_('F', 'K') => "Indonesia",        'M' if in_('L', 'R') => "Thailand",        'N' if in_('L', 'R') => "Turkey",        'P' if in_('L', 'R') => "Malaysia",        'R' if in_('L', 'M') => "Taiwan",        'S' if in_('A', 'M') => "United Kingdom",        'S' if in_('N', 'T') => "Germany",        'S' if in_('U', 'Z') => "Poland",        'T' if in_('A', 'H') => "Switzerland",        'T' if in_('J', 'P') => "Czech Republic",        'T' if in_('R', 'V') => "Hungary",        'T' if in_('W', 'Z') || in_('1', '1') => "Portugal",        'U' if in_('U', 'Z') => "Romania",        'V' if in_('A', 'E') => "Austria",        'V' if in_('F', 'R') => "France",        'V' if in_('S', 'W') => "Spain",        'V' if in_('X', 'Z') || in_('1', '2') => "Serbia",        'W' => "Germany",        'X' if in_('L', 'R') => "Netherlands",        'X' if in_('S', 'W') || in_('3', '0') => "Russia",        'Y' if in_('A', 'E') => "Belgium",        'Y' if in_('F', 'K') => "Finland",        'Y' if in_('S', 'W') => "Sweden",        'Z' if in_('A', 'R') => "Italy",        '1' | '4' | '5' => "United States",        '2' => "Canada",        '3' if in_('A', 'W') => "Mexico",        '3' if in_('X', 'Z') || in_('1', '7') => "Costa Rica",        '6' if in_('A', 'W') => "Australia",        '7' if in_('A', 'E') => "New Zealand",        '8' if in_('A', 'E') => "Argentina",        '8' if in_('F', 'K') => "Chile",        '9' if in_('A', 'E') || in_('3', '9') => "Brazil",        _ => return None,    })}/// Makers by their first three characters (WMI), the most common ones.const MAKERS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[    ("1FA", "Ford"), ("1FT", "Ford"), ("1FM", "Ford"), ("1G1", "Chevrolet"), ("1GC", "Chevrolet"), ("1GN", "Chevrolet"), ("1G6", "Cadillac"), ("1GT", "GMC"),    ("1HG", "Honda"), ("1J4", "Jeep"), ("1C4", "Chrysler"), ("1C6", "Ram"), ("1N4", "Nissan"), ("1VW", "Volkswagen"), ("1YV", "Mazda"), ("2HG", "Honda"),    ("2T1", "Toyota"), ("3VW", "Volkswagen"), ("3FA", "Ford"), ("3N1", "Nissan"), ("4T1", "Toyota"), ("4S3", "Subaru"), ("5YJ", "Tesla"), ("7SA", "Tesla"),    ("5NP", "Hyundai"), ("5UX", "BMW"), ("JHM", "Honda"), ("JN1", "Nissan"), ("JT2", "Toyota"), ("JTD", "Toyota"), ("JTE", "Toyota"), ("JF1", "Subaru"),    ("JM1", "Mazda"), ("JA3", "Mitsubishi"), ("JS3", "Suzuki"), ("KMH", "Hyundai"), ("KNA", "Kia"), ("KND", "Kia"), ("LRW", "Tesla"), ("LFV", "FAW-Volkswagen"),    ("SAL", "Land Rover"), ("SAJ", "Jaguar"), ("SCC", "Lotus"), ("SCF", "Aston Martin"), ("TMB", "Škoda"), ("TRU", "Audi"), ("VF1", "Renault"), ("VF3", "Peugeot"),    ("VF7", "Citroën"), ("VSS", "SEAT"), ("WAU", "Audi"), ("WBA", "BMW"), ("WBS", "BMW M"), ("WDB", "Mercedes-Benz"), ("WDD", "Mercedes-Benz"), ("W1K", "Mercedes-Benz"),    ("WMW", "MINI"), ("WP0", "Porsche"), ("WP1", "Porsche"), ("WVW", "Volkswagen"), ("WV1", "Volkswagen Commercial"), ("WV2", "Volkswagen Commercial"),    ("W0L", "Opel"), ("YV1", "Volvo"), ("YS3", "Saab"), ("ZFA", "Fiat"), ("ZAR", "Alfa Romeo"), ("ZFF", "Ferrari"), ("ZHW", "Lamborghini"), ("ZAM", "Maserati"),];/// What a well-formed VIN says (an error when it is not one): `{ check_digit_ok, wmi, region, country, manufacturer, model_year, model_years, plant, serial }`. `model_year` is read from the 10th character: the code repeats every 30 years, so `model_years` gives both, and `model_year` picks by the 7th character as North American VINs do (a letter there means 2010 or later), never after next year. `manufacturer` is null for makers not in its list.pub fn vin_decode(vin: &str) -> Result<Value, String> {    let v = clean(vin)?;    let s: String = v.iter().collect();    let wmi = &s[..3];    let codes = "ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTVWXY123456789";    let year = codes.find(v[9]).map(|i| 1980 + i as i64);    let now_year = 1970 + std::time::SystemTime::now().duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH).map_or(0, |d| d.as_secs() as i64) / 31_556_952;    let model_year = year.map(|y| {        let late = y + 30;        if v[6].is_ascii_alphabetic() && late <= now_year + 1 { late } else { y }    });    Ok(json!({        "check_digit_ok": v[8] == expected(&v),        "wmi": wmi,        "region": region(v[0]),        "country": country(v[0], v[1]),        "manufacturer": MAKERS.iter().find(|(w, _)| *w == wmi).map(|(_, m)| *m),        "model_year": model_year,        "model_years": year.map(|y| vec![y, y + 30]),        "plant": v[10].to_string(),        "serial": &s[11..],    }))}